Background: Loss to Follow-Up (LTFU) from Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is a significant barrier to TB control, a major public health problem and a predictor of TB-associated deaths. Currently, research on LTFU-related factors in Nigeria is both scarce and inconsistent. The study aimed to assess the magnitude of LTFU to tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among patients that accessed care at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.

Methods: The study was a 5-year retrospective study of patients that accessed TB care at the health facility. All the data was retrieved from the patient’s folder and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics was done and presented as mean and standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. Bivariate analysis was done with Chi-square test to test for the socio-demographic characteristics associated with LTFU. Significance level was placed at p-value ≤0.05.

Results: A total of 483 patient’s folders were reviewed. Of these, 150 (31.1%) were LTFU. Ethnicity was the only factor that significantly affected LTFU. However, higher proportion of those LTFU were males, resides in the rural area, employed, HIV positive and with previous history of TB

Conclusion: Loss to follow-up is common in the management of patients with TB. Patients’ treatment history, clinical characteristics, and socioeconomic factors can affect this treatment outcome. Targeted measures can improve patient treatment adherence, leading to reduction in LTFU and better TB control