Objectives: The objective of this work was to carry out the neonatal tracking of the drépanocytose and the deficit in G6PD in order to establish the prevalence of these pathologies in the town of Kinshasa. Patients and Methods: We worked with 4 maternities chosen by the national program of fight against the drépanocytose (PNLD).). The samples were taken on blotting paper. The tracking of the drépanocytose realized by Iso-focusing related to 6540 blood samples of the new-born babies. 1350 samples drawn dice samples having been used for tracking from the drépanocytose were used for the tracking of the deficit in G6PD with the méhtode of fluorescence of Beutler. Results: The tracking of the drépanocytose revealed that 1.7% of the new-born babies had the homozygous form of the disease and 15.3% had the heterozygous form. The tracking of the deficit in G6PD carried out showed a prevalence of 6.3% including 1.1% for the girls and 5.2% for the boys. Conclusion: The prevalence of the drépanocytose and the deficit in G6PD in this work is high. We suggest the installation of a systematic tracking through the town of Kinshasa accompanied by a sensitizing of the population. Also, we ask to proscribe the regulation of certain drugs at the overdrawn ones in G6PD. The Congolese government should require manufacturers of the drugs before any marketing of the data on the activity of the G6PD of all new active ingredients.